{"id":84,"date":"2014-11-10T14:46:17","date_gmt":"2014-11-10T12:46:17","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.ektg.org\/wordpress\/?p=84"},"modified":"2021-08-28T17:56:24","modified_gmt":"2021-08-28T15:56:24","slug":"budo-the-martial-ways-of-japan","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ektg.org\/wordpress\/budo-the-martial-ways-of-japan\/","title":{"rendered":"Bud\u014d – The martial ways of Japan"},"content":{"rendered":"

BUD\u014c<\/p>\n

Bud\u014d, the martial ways of Japan, have their origins in the traditions of bushid\u014d \u2013 the way of the warrior. Bud\u014d is a time-honoured form of physical culture comprising of j\u016bd\u014d, kend\u014d, ky\u016bd\u014d, sum\u014d, karated\u014d, aikid\u014d, sh\u014drinji kemp\u014d, naginata and j\u016bkend\u014d. Practitioners study the skills while striving to unify mind, technique and body; develop his or her character; enhance their sense of morality; and to cultivate a respectful and courteous demeanour.<\/p>\n

The term \u201cbushid\u014d\u201d was created by bushi (or samurai), to reflect on their \u201cway of life\u201d as professional warriors, and encompasses their values and moral outlook.<\/p>\n

The morals of bushid\u014d to live honorably and virtuously were a product of an appreciation for the beauty of life discovered through experiences of mortal combat. The spirit of autonomy, fundamental to bushid\u014d, is an inherent feature in the modern martial arts. Through the study of bud\u014d, the individual is able to develop his or her sense of dignity and simultaneously learn respect for others. Although the question of life and death is not a concern for modern martial artists as it was for bushi, respect, honour, and love for life remain as a vestige of the spirit of bushid\u014d.<\/p>\n

Bud\u014d is composed of two kanji characters. Bu first meant to go into battle, but this later came to be interpreted as \u201cto stop fighting\u201d. D\u014d symbolizes the movement of a man, or \u201cthe Way\u201d.<\/p>\n

\"Budo\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Modern budo arts such as j\u016bd\u014d, kend\u014d, karated\u014d, aikid\u014d, naginata and so on, have their roots in the classical martial schools developed from the Heian period (794 \u2013 1185) through the Tokugawa period (1600 \u2013 1868). The various forms of bud\u014d that were systemized and established from the Meji period (1868 \u2013 1912) and beyond are broadly categorized as gendai bud\u014d (modern bud\u014d). All martial arts created before this time are referred to as kobud\u014d (classical bud\u014d).<\/p>\n

Broadly speaking, kobudo arts can be categorized into the following groups:
\n– Bajutsu (horsemanship)
\n– Ky\u016bjutsu (archery)
\n– Kenjutsu (swordsmanship)
\n– S\u014djutsu (spearmanship)
\n– Naginata-jutsu (glaive)
\n– B\u014djutsu (staff)
\n– Kama-jutsu (sickle)
\n– J\u016bjutsu (close-quarter combat with small or no weapons)
\n– Sui-jutsu (tactical swimming)
\n– H\u014djutsu (musketry)<\/p>\n

In bud\u014d, training is generally referred to as \u201ckeiko\u201d. The kanji for keiko literally means \u201cto consider [the wisdom] of the past\u201d. One of the important methods used to convey this wisdom is the study of kata \u2013 choreographed sequences of techniques.<\/p>\n

Kata are an integral part of the curriculum of bud\u014d, and contain the technical and philosophical essence of the founders\u2019 teachings. Novices begin their study of bud\u014d by duplicating the kata exactly as it is taught by the master, avoiding any deviation from the prescribed form.<\/p>\n

Important element of keiko and learning kata is self-reflection and problem solving. In Japan\u2019s traditional arts, there is a concept called \u201cishin-denshin\u201d or \u201cthought transference\u201d. Masters use few words to explain the intricacies of the techniques being taught. Much is left up to the disciple to figure things out for themselves, which requires considerable introspection and analysis. Even though the process begins with precise copying, it eventually facilitates the growth of true individual attributes and a penetrating sense of imagination. The instructor oversees this development in the student, and teaches in a way that encourages the burgeoning of individuality. Temperament, independence and individuality are the factors that lead to the development of art.<\/p>\n

Bud\u014d is a gateway of immense breadth and depth to spiritual development. You can almost touch hands with the warriors of centuries ago as you immerse yourself in the training of kata. However, if your mind is closed to the possibilities, the gate will remain closed.<\/p>\n

Instructors of bud\u014d should bear in mind the following points to improve the overall efficacy of bud\u014d education:
\n1. Be aware of the characteristics of each child, and make allowances to accommodate their individuality.
\n2. Keep attuned to what children are doing outside the d\u014dj\u014d and club activities. Be sure to impress upon that etiquette taught in the d\u014dj\u014d is not limited to the d\u014dj\u014d or their immediate social circle.
\n3. Be aware that children are always observing and learning from you; so be careful to demonstrate humility in word and action.
\n4. Make the bud\u014d training area open for parents to visit. You should listen to parents\u2019 comments, acknowledge them, and show them you have the children\u2019s best interests at heart.
\n5. Have a firm bud\u014d education policy and regularly convey it to children and parents.
\n6. Do not say anything that may hurt a child who has stopped coming to training. Instead, praise all of his or her achievements to date, and help them acquire a positive self-image rather than ostracise the child for being a \u201cquitter\u201d.<\/p>\n

KARATED\u014c<\/p>\n

The \u201cWay\u201d of karate (karated\u014d) is one of Japan\u2019s most famous martial arts. It is an art of self-defense that, for the most part, uses no weapons, hence the meaning of karate \u2013 \u201cempty hand\u201d. There are three main categories of techniques: strikes with the arm (uchi); thrusts (tsuki); and kicks (keri). There are also a number of blocks (uke) to parry the opponent\u2019s attacks.<\/p>\n

There are many theories surrounding the roots of the term \u201ckarate\u201d. It is unclear who first used the word, and when. However, the ancient Ry\u016bky\u016ban fighting system was originally referred to as \u201cte\u201d, and the standard assumption is that the appellation \u201ckara-te\u201d refers to the martial techniques learned from China (kara = China).<\/p>\n

Karateka are taught the importance of never hurting other people, and to be respectful of opponents and training partners. This respect ideally extends beyond the confines of the d\u014dj\u014d and match court. Practitioners also learn perseverance, and the importance of making efforts to improve their immediate surrounds. A concern and appreciation for others and sense of responsibility to society, are fundamental to karated\u014d\u2019s ultimate goal of self-perfection.<\/p>\n

Funakoshi Gichin (1868 \u2013 1957) created a set of twenty d\u014dj\u014d rules (d\u014dj\u014d-kun) from which five articles were extracted and promoted as the fundamental concept of karate:
\n1. Never forget that karate begins and ends with a bow of respect;
\n2. There is no first attack in karate;
\n3. Know yourself first, then you can know others;
\n4. The art of developing the mind is more important than the art of applying technique;
\n5. In combat, you must discern vulnerable from invulnerable points.<\/p>\n

BUD\u014c TERMINOLOGY<\/p>\n

D\u014dj\u014d
\nThe word d\u014dj\u014d is a translation of the Sanskrit term \u201cbodhimanda\u201d and refers to the \u201cDiamond seat\u201d \u2013 the seat upon which the Buddha attained nirvana, enlightenment, under the Bodhi tree. Accordingly, it is used in reference to a place where Buddhism is studied or where sermons are delivered. It is because of the deep spiritual connotations and relationship to training one\u2019s self that the word was adopted into bud\u014d parlance.<\/p>\n

Seiza
\nSeiza is the formal kneeling position where the bud\u014d practitioner is calm and resolute. Sitting correctly in this position is synonymous with following the \u201cway\u201d of bud\u014d. It is also a waiting posture that represents the ideal of fair play towards one\u2019s opponent.<\/p>\n

Dan and Kyu Grades
\nDan grades have played an integral role in the traditional cultural pursuits in Japan, and were first employed by the sh\u014dgi (traditional form of chess) master, Hon\u2019inb\u014d Taisaku (1645 \u2013 1702), as early as 1677.
\nThe dan system was first introduces into the martial arts in 1883 when Tomita Tsunejir\u014d and Saig\u014d Shir\u014d were awarded the rank of shodan in Kod\u014dkan j\u016bd\u014d. The kyu system was first introduces in 1885 by Keishich\u014d (Tokyo Police Bureau).<\/p>\n

\"Budo:<\/a>
Budo: The Martial Ways of Japan. Nippon Budokan Foundation, Tokyo, 2009<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Reference
\nBudo: The Martial Ways of Japan. Nippon Budokan Foundation, Tokyo, 2009.<\/p>\n

Summary by Christophe Delmotte \u2013 International Kyokushin Organization Tezuka Group – 2014<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

BUD\u014c Bud\u014d, the martial ways of Japan, have their origins in the traditions of bushid\u014d \u2013 the way of the<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"colormag_page_container_layout":"default_layout","colormag_page_sidebar_layout":"default_layout","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_members_access_role":[],"_members_access_error":""},"categories":[30],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-84","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-budo"],"yoast_head":"\nBud\u014d - 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